Dr. Ryan Phasouk answered. Family Medicine 20 years experience. Considered safe: There is generally no evidence of adverse reactions when taking pepto bismol with zantac ( ranitidine ). Consult with your doctor as always. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.May 9, 2023 · Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension). Share. Dr. Holly Maes answered. Pediatrics 38 years experience. Yes, but...: The Promethazine is fine, but I'm not a fan of Pepto -Bismol in kids. It contains an ingredient the body metabolizes to essentially aspirin, which is a big NO NO in kids during influenza season . I've actually seen a 5 year old die of aspirin overdose from taking Pepto ...Oct 20, 2020 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Dr. Ryan Phasouk answered. Family Medicine 20 years experience. Considered safe: There is generally no evidence of adverse reactions when taking pepto bismol with zantac ( ranitidine ). Consult with your doctor as always. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.VDOM DHTML tml>. Does Pepto-Bismol really expire? - Quora. Something went wrong.Apr 7, 2023 · Last updated on April 7, 2023. Official answer by Drugs.com It's best to discard expired medicines as the manufacturers do not guarantee the quality or efficacy of medicines past their expiry date. https://www.drugs.com/article/drug-expiration-dates.html Drug information Pepto-Bismol Information for Consumers Side Effects of Pepto-Bismol (detailed) Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inMar 28, 2018 · Hello doctor. how are you? i have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.i have a really bad stomach ache.. is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Not a problem: The ingredients will be insufficiently changed from that expiration date to make a difference. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry.Aug 29, 2020 · The next time you face the drug expiration date dilemma, consider what you've learned here. If the expiration date passed a few years ago and it's important that your drug is absolutely 100% effective, you might want to consider buying a new bottle. And if you have any questions about the safety or effectiveness of any drug, ask your pharmacist. Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Gregory Hines answered. Family Medicine 26 years experience. Be seen: The black color is most likely due to the bismuth in the pepto -bismol, but you should be seen to get some diarrhea medication and possible testing. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Aug 29, 2020 · The next time you face the drug expiration date dilemma, consider what you've learned here. If the expiration date passed a few years ago and it's important that your drug is absolutely 100% effective, you might want to consider buying a new bottle. And if you have any questions about the safety or effectiveness of any drug, ask your pharmacist. Nov 28, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Feb 28, 2023 · Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first. I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Aug 18, 2022 · Dr. James Ferguson answered. Pediatrics 48 years experience. I doubt that a single exposure to this product would have a significant effect on a breastfeeding infant. If you need this type of product, seek out those without salicylates in their ingredient list. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Pepto-Bismol is used to treat diarrhea and relieve the symptoms of an upset stomach. These symptoms can include: heartburn. nausea. indigestion. gas. belching. a feeling of fullness. The active ...No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpAug 18, 2022 · Dr. James Ferguson answered. Pediatrics 48 years experience. I doubt that a single exposure to this product would have a significant effect on a breastfeeding infant. If you need this type of product, seek out those without salicylates in their ingredient list. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Jul 23, 2015 · Showing 1-7 of 7 answers. I just called PB (800-717-3786), the expiration date is printed under LOT, with the lot# printed under EXP. Hence, the factory printed them reverse to the preprint on the box. So I don't have LOT NO 21, I have expiration date NO 21 (November 21). Feel free to call PB at the number above to request they fix this. Scribe. Dr. Al Hegab answered. Allergy and Immunology 42 years experience. Yes: you can, however it is better to wait until the effect if the laxative wears off, Pepto -bismol isn't just an antidote to the laxative, Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ...VDOM DHTML tml>. If my Pepto-Bismol expired on 9/2018, is it still safe to use? - Quora.Dec 30, 2020 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Medications usually just get weaker after their expiry date, and two month past pepto is no worse for you than unexpired pepto, just potentially weaker. It’ll be fine. Also, ginger is your best friend. Source: just puked like 10 times yesterday and at least ginger took away my nausea and helped me recover. It’ll be fine. Simplified molecular structure of bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under the brand names Pepto-Bismol and BisBacter, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, and diarrhea .Pepto Bismol Expired 4 Months Ago . If you have a bottle of Pepto Bismol that expired 4 months ago, is it still safe to take? The answer may surprise you. It turns out that Pepto Bismol actually has a pretty long shelf life – up to 3 years after the expiration date, according to the manufacturer.Pepto-Bismol is used to treat diarrhea and relieve the symptoms of an upset stomach. These symptoms can include: heartburn. nausea. indigestion. gas. belching. a feeling of fullness. The active ...Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate). Pepto Bismol is used to treat acute diarrhea, including traveler’s diarrhea. It can be used off-label to treat a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori.Does Pepto Expire It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboard It's that time of year again, when your stomach is upset and you're looking for relief. You remember that you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol in the cupboardYou may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. ... 529 views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Navita Modi and another doctor agree 2 doctors agree.Feb 28, 2023 · Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first. Unflavored metamucil. Probiotics. Fiber supplements. Boiled white rice. Canned, unflavored pumpkin. Electrolytes. These are all safe and efficient answers to the question of what can I give my cat for diarrhea. If you have any doubts or concerns, you can talk to your vet first.Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension).May 9, 2023 · Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension). Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.To take pepto-bismol tablets that expired in May 2019 - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Doctor: Onlinedoc, Doctor replied 3 years ago. Onlinedoc, Doctor. Category ...Sep 21, 2022 · Dried goldenseal has an antibacterial effect and may help with E.coli-induced diarrhea. Black tea and other tannin-rich foods such as blackberries can help reduce bowel inflammation. Foods such as carrots and bananas, as well as being bland, contain high amounts of pectin, a soluble fiber that can soak up extra fluid in the intestine. Sep 1, 2015 · 6. Dish Detergent. You shouldn't keep your dish detergent for longer than one year if you want it to be effective. And, since you use the liquid to disinfect dishes that multiple people share ... Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Oct 9, 2019 · The original liquid Pepto Bismol includes a 30 milliliter (ml) cup, which is one dose, delivering 525 milligrams (mg) of bismuth subsalicylate. The Pepto Bismol website recommends taking: Pepto-Bismol was invented in 1901 by a doctor in New York, as a response to cholera infantum, an illness which caused severe diarrhea and vomiting. The forumula, which he originally called Mixture Cholera Infantum , consisted of pepsin , bismuth salicylate , zinc salt s, salol and oil of wintergreen , and a colorant to make it pink .Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. Pepto-Bismol is used to treat diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, indigestion, gas, or upset stomach. Pepto-Bismol works as an antacid to reduce excess stomach acid and so eases discomfort. It also works to protect the stomach and lower part of your food pipe (esophagus) from stomach acid. Pepto-Bismol can be taken as a tablet or liquid, depending on ...No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpHow long after the expiration date is pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) safe to take? Dr. Diane Minich answered Family Medicine 39 years experience Not recommended: To take any medication past its expiration date due to decreases efficacy. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpI found some pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) pills that i bought almost exactly one year ago. i can't find an expiration date on the bottle. are they still ok take? Dr. Pradeep Parihar answered Family Medicine 33 years experienceDec 13, 2019 · Yes: Will not hurt and may help. Medication is usually effective for 1-2 years after the expiratory date. If there is no benefit you will need to get new. Check it out with the pharmacist as well. Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.What to do with expired Pepto-Bismol? The CDC reports that 50,000 young children end up in emergency rooms each year because they got into medicines while an adult wasn’t looking. Expired medicines are also not just a risk to the person they were prescribed for and can injure children and pets if taken by mistake.Dec 5, 2018 · Pepto-Bismol is considered to be quite safe for short-term usage by adults and children who are age 12 or over. When used effectively, the only side effect may be a momentary and safe blackening of the tongue or of the stool. In some cases, the medication might work too well, with constipation as an outcome. Pepto-Bismol is only recommended for ... No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can helpMay 11, 2021 · Not a problem: The ingredients will be insufficiently changed from that expiration date to make a difference. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. You can take this and get the desired effect without worry. Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension).I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Use Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension) as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely. Shake well before use. Measure liquid doses carefully. Use the measuring device that comes with Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate suspension).Dr. Chan Hwang answered. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 29 years experience. No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) may los... Read More. Dr. Vivek Huilgol answered. Gastroenterology 37 years experience. Yes: The commonest side effects from pepto are black stool, black tongue, constipation and - if really overdone - tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Of course... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.Throwing up and can't keep down liquids, how to be able to keep liquids down? been 2 1/2 days tried thera flu, pepto bismol, (bismuth subsalicylate) tea, water. a piece of fruit. Dr. Heidi Fowler answered Usually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank. Pepto-Bismol - Why does the label now say not to take it if you have an ulcer? My Dr just suggested I take it to help me feel better while the ulcer heals. Updated 7 Dec 2017 1 answer. Pepto-Bismol - Still Black stool after kaopectate 4 days ago. Any cause of concern?Not recommended: Pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) has a component salycelate that was linled with a devistating disease called reye's syndrome in the 70's & 80's. ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 6.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in No: no, its ok as long as it's not significantly (like 6 months or more) past expiration. The only problem at that point is potency and theoretical breakd... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective.Once Pepto-Bismol expires, it’s no longer effective at treating upset stomach, heartburn, or indigestion. So, if you have a bottle of Pepto-Bismol that expired two years ago, it’s best to throw it away. Pepto bismol expired 3 months ago. If you have some Pepto-Bismol that expired 3 months ago, you may be wondering if it’s still effective. Nov 28, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Dr. Chan Hwang answered. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 29 years experience. No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) may los... Read More. Dr. Richard Bensinger answered. Ophthalmology 54 years experience. Safe: There is nothing in this that will degrade in a dangerous manner. You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inI have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inCheck with PD: The primary symptoms aided by pepto-bismol are nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea, and other temporary discomforts of the stomach... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.4k views Reviewed >2 years ago.Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Can i drink expired pepto bismol? Tác giả: Rohto Nhật Bản 3 Tháng Ba, 2022. Chia Sẻ ...Sep 10, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Anyone taking Pepto Bismol to treat occasional digestive symptoms should follow the instructions on the label. The original liquid Pepto Bismol includes a 30 milliliter (ml) cup, which is one dose ...Jun 14, 2021 · You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. ... 529 views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Navita Modi and another doctor agree 2 doctors agree. I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inDr. Chan Hwang answered. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 29 years experience. No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) may los... Read More. This has happened to me more than once but not because it was shipped to me. The bottle of pepto is nowhere close to being expired however after it's been opened then sits several days before using again the thick part has coated the bottom of the bottle & the top part is watery & no amount of vigorous shaking will mix it back together.
Anyone taking Pepto Bismol to treat occasional digestive symptoms should follow the instructions on the label. The original liquid Pepto Bismol includes a 30 milliliter (ml) cup, which is one dose .... Botanical body butter
I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed inUsually 1-3 days: With mild, routine diarrhea, a patient can let nature clear her bowels the first day. Then medicines can be tried, such as Imodium (loperamide) for a ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Thank.Dr. Chan Hwang answered. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 29 years experience. No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) may los... Read More. Not recommended: Pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) has a component salycelate that was linled with a devistating disease called reye's syndrome in the 70's & 80's. ... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 6.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank.No: no, its ok as long as it's not significantly (like 6 months or more) past expiration. The only problem at that point is potency and theoretical breakd... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help.Sep 10, 2017 · I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? 1 doctor answer • 2 doctors weighed in Jun 14, 2021 · You may safely drink pepto bismol that is several years expired. ... 529 views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. Dr. Navita Modi and another doctor agree 2 doctors agree. Yes, you can take Pepto Bismol expired 1 year ago if it is intact and not expired. It is harmless. But if it is expired, its effectiveness is less. However, it will not cause any harm to your body. You might need to take more doses of expired Pepto Bismol than non-expired medicine because of its less effectiveness. Is it ok to take expired ... Mar 31, 2023 · Adults and children 12 years and older can take the following forms of Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. The dosages below apply for all digestive problems Pepto-Bismol can help treat. No: no, its ok as long as it's not significantly (like 6 months or more) past expiration. The only problem at that point is potency and theoretical breakd... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank.Aug 22, 2021 · No harm done: The actual shelf life of Pepto-Bismol is a lot greater than what is indicated by the expiration date. Old Pepto Bismol ( bismuth subsalicylate) may lose some of its efficacy, but there are no other significant untoward effects. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Pepto-Bismol is considered to be quite safe for short-term usage by adults and children who are age 12 or over. When used effectively, the only side effect may be a momentary and safe blackening of the tongue or of the stool. In some cases, the medication might work too well, with constipation as an outcome. Pepto-Bismol is only recommended for ...What to do with expired Pepto-Bismol? The CDC reports that 50,000 young children end up in emergency rooms each year because they got into medicines while an adult wasn’t looking. Expired medicines are also not just a risk to the person they were prescribed for and can injure children and pets if taken by mistake.Dried goldenseal has an antibacterial effect and may help with E.coli-induced diarrhea. Black tea and other tannin-rich foods such as blackberries can help reduce bowel inflammation. Foods such as carrots and bananas, as well as being bland, contain high amounts of pectin, a soluble fiber that can soak up extra fluid in the intestine.Yes: It is a long established liquid product that aids in digestive upset. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.3k views Reviewed >2 years ago. Thank. .